Bearing



Oct. 20, 1925- v J, KIRNER .I

BEARINGl Filed June 18, 1.925

#TQQ 2 the races. v

Patented Oct. 20, 1925.

UNITED i STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEF KIBNER, 0F STUTTGART, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM: AKTIEIBOLAGET SVENSKA KULLAGEBFABRIKEN, OF GOTTENBORG, SWEDEN.

BEARING.

Application lcd June A18, 1923. Serial No. 645,942.

To all whom z't may comm:

Be it known that I, JOSEF KIRNER, a c1t1- zen of Germany, residing at Stuttgart, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bearings, of which the following is a specification,

My invention relates to bearings and more particularl to rolling bearings which term is intende to comprise roller bearings and ball bearings as distinguished from sliding bearings.

It is an object of my invention to improve the reliability of working and life of rolling bearings of all descriptions by providing means for avoiding certain drawbacks connected with this type of bearing.

Uptill now, reliable rolling bearings, more especially for crank pins revolving at a high number of revolutions, did not exist. While in sliding bearings the dificulties to be overcome 'consist mainly 1n preventing the bearing from assuming an oblique position relatively to the crank pin, in providing for a satisfactory supply of lubricant, and in avoiding unduly high journal pressure, rolling bearings give rise to new phenomena which are caused by the action of the mass of the lrolling bodies (rollers or balls) and the cages which are to a certain degree loosely inserted between In the drawings aiiixed to the spccilication and forming part thereof, the ob]ec tions connected with rolling bearings are illustrated diagrammatically in Figures 1- rolling bearing inserted between the con-l p necting rod and the crank pin.

Figure 2 shows a number of time curves illustrating the diiference in the speeds of revolution arisin in such bearings with connecting rods of il'erent lengths.

Fi ure 3 is a cross section of part of a orang in roller bearing, such as is inserted tween the connecting rod and the crank pin of Figure 1, having my invention embodied therein.

Figure 4 is a similar view of a ball bearing having my invention embodied therein.

Referring rst to Figure 1 of the draw,-

pin e and rod d.

Assuming the laxis of crank shaft a to .i ,be mtersected by the cylinder axis of a l motor, the piston of which is pivoted to the connecting rod d, the ,reciprocation of the piston will turn the crank in the direction of the arrow b, and the connecting rod d where it is journaled on the crank pin will move relatively to the crank pin inthe direction of the arrow c relatively to the crank arm z .and crank pin e, the direction of this relative motion of the connecting' rod being opposed to the direction of movement of the crank pin. However, the velocity at which the connecting rod d rotates relatively to the crank pin e is not constant, but dependent on the length of the connecting .rod' according to the and the centre of the crank shaft." With a connecting rod of infinite length the rod would rotate relatively to the crank ine with a constant velocity npl, this ve ocity being equal, but oppositely directed'to the velocity of rotation nk ofthe crank pin.

As shown in the diagram of Figure 2, t'he curves resulting with the usual, comparatively short" connecting rods di'er greatly as compared with the diagram for va connecting rod of an infinite length.

Inasm-uch as the curve remains the same under such conditions in which the ratio betweenv the length o f the connecting arm and the length o the crank arm is the same, in Figure 2 the numbers of revolutions ofthe -connecting rod relatively to the crank pin are shown for three connecting rods of different relative lengths. The line np* belongs to a connecting rod having a length `ccnl, refers to a connecting rod 10:1, and n, refers to a connecting rod of alength 3:1, in which 1 is the length of the crank arm.

The dia am of Figure 2 shows that the relative veldcity of rotation of the crank pin -is at its maximum in the upper dead centre sition I-I andat its minimum.- in the] ower dead centre position II-II. The diagram further illustrates the important fact `that the relative number of rotations of the l' die crank. In motors of motorcars and the like where `it is desirable that they motors be smally and compact, the connecting rodsjare so short that the accelerations and retardationsv arising in the crank pin bearing are very '"considerable, These accelerations yand retardationsaretransmitted directly ont-ov the rolling bodies (rollers or balls) and their cages. Moreover, the rotation to which each roller or ball is subjectedvchanges also. A 4

These changes of velocity occur during 1%@ eachfrevolution ofthe crank shaft. ylnan automobile motor running, for instance, with.' 3600 revolutions per minute and a ratio-ofA connecting .rod to crank-arm of 3.7, the rela tive number of rotations of the crank pin bearing `variesbetween 4450 and 2560 revolutions ,per minute and this variation oc-. curs ,60 times per minute. In other words, in one minute the crank pin bearing must be accelerated and retardated, respectively, times from 2560 revolutions to 4450 revoi lutions -per minute and vice versa. The smaller the motor with relation to its output and the higher the number of its revolutions, the more pronounced are'the stresses acting on this bearing; for the acceleration rises in proportion to the square of the number ofrevolutions. v i

Inasmuch as .only a few of the rolling bodies (rollers or balls) are under load at the same moment, the unloaded bodies will not respond to these accelerations and retardations. In consequence thereof, the roll ingbodies, on being suddenly brought under load, do not rotate at the number of revolutions which they should have. Howt desire to be limited to the exact details of 195 ever, the action of the bearing pressure, causes the rolling bodies to take up their rolling motion suddenly and to vary their velocity with corresponding suddenness.

, These variations result in a sliding of the rolling bodies which finally leads to fatigue of the surfaces of the .races and of the rolling bodies. Additional sliding motion occurs with those rolling bodies which are in the positionwhere the centrifugal forceacts tangentially to the pitch circle. I

A iccordfng to the present, 'nventiom the objectionable actions above described are'obviated by providing means for subjecting the A rolling bodies` to permanent auxiliary load,

.- means are This auxiliaryl load` must, ,no-t act.` in an lun-V yielding manner, for, asa. rule, the cylinder. oreis not 'disposed exact-ly vertically to the crank shaft.' .Therefore, elastic ,Qrresilient load.

"Referrin lnew to Figure Syof .the drawings, y .is t e. inner race and g is the fouten race of a crank pinroller bearing, ,7' one of the .rollers,d ythe connecting rod, e `isthe crank pin, and vZ'the crank arms. Two chan.`

of ,resilient members m, the 'inner ends of which rest against the circumference of the `ous modiiications will occur to a used for creating theaiixiliary vv substantially flush with the working surfaces of the outer racey g. Theseflanges #are subdivided by radial cuts into a great number rollers 1' and exert -thereon a permanent radial braking or damping pressure acting to keep th rollers suiiiciently in contact with the inner race to cause them to roll inthe correct manner. v

By properly constructing and shaping therings h they may be caused to act with suflicient resilient pressure on the rollers for the performance of their function, although the pressure surfaces of the rings and the respective surfaces of the rollers may become considerably worn.

ln the modication disclosed in Figure. 4, showingy my invention as applied to a ball bearing,'rings o similar to the rings l1, of Figure 3 are employed for subjecting the balls to an auxiliary damping or braking pressure, the inner langes of the resilient rings o exerting a resilient radial pressure on the balls e and a pressure in the direction of the arrows p. Rolls with conical ends may be substitutedfor the balls'in this bearing.

`While I have shown my invention as applied to crank pin bearings, many of its ad- 1'00 vantages will also be obtained on applying it to bearings for other pins or journals subjected to oscillatory or' rotary motion. l wish it to be understood that I do not construction shown and described, for obviperson skilled inthe art.

I claim:

1. Bearing comprising in combination, 110

outer and inner main races, a plurality of bodies adapted to yroll between and in contact withjsaid races and an. auxiliary race applied to the outer main race and arranged to maintain said bodiesin permanent con- 115 tact with the inner main race.

2. Bearing comprising in combina-tion,

outer and innerl mam races, a plurality 'of bodies-adapted to roll between and in contact with said races, andan auxiliary race ape 120 plied to theouter main race and arrangedto maintainsa-id bodies in permanent. elastic Contact with theinnermain race. t Y

3. Bearing. comprising infI combination,

outer and inner mam. racesfa plurality -of 125 bodies adaptedn toroll betweenY and Ain contact with said races, and a resilient auxiliary race applied to the outer main raceand arranged to maintain said bodies in contact with the inner main race, v

Permanent 13o 4. A bearing comprisin two races, a plurality of odies adapted to vroll between and in contact with said races, and rings applied to the opposite sides of one of said races and formed with inwardly extending portions disposed in contact with and arranged to exert elastic pressure on said bodies to press them radially against the other race.

5. A bearing comprising in combination outer and inner races, a plurality of bodies adapted to roll between and in contact with said races, and rings applied to the opposite sides of one of said races and provided with inwardly extending flanges formed with resilient members disposed in engagement with in combination,`

said bodies and acting to press the same ohto the other race.

6. In combination with a rotary crank arm provided with a. crank in, an inner bearing race encircling said pm.I a. connecting rod having fixed to its end `an outer bearing race surrounding the inner race, a plurallty of rolling bodies between said races adapted to roll in contact with the same, and rings applied to the opposite sides of the outer race and provided with inwardly extending resilient portions engaging the rolling bodies and acting to maintain the same in yielding engagement `with the inner race.

In testimony whereof I a-fiix my signature.

JOSEF KIRNER. 

